Internet & HTTP

goi_api.py

# Cai: uv add requests
import requests

s = requests.Session()                    # tai dung ket noi + header mac dinh
s.headers["Authorization"] = "Bearer <token>"

# jsonplaceholder: API gia-lap MIEN PHI, chay that - /todos = danh sach "viec can lam"
r = s.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos", timeout=10)
r.raise_for_status()                      # 4xx/5xx -> nem ngoai le
data = r.json()                           # body JSON -> list/dict Python
print(r.status_code, len(data))           # -> 200 200

status.py

r = s.get(url, timeout=10)

if r.status_code == 200:
    dung(r.json())
elif r.status_code == 404:
    print("Khong tim thay")
elif r.status_code >= 500:
    print("Loi phia server - co the retry + backoff")
else:
    r.raise_for_status()

post.py

r = s.post(
    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos",
    json={"title": "Hoc HTTP"},            # tu dat Content-Type: application/json
    headers={"Idempotency-Key": "abc-123"},# vd: chong tao trung khi retry
    timeout=10,
)
r.raise_for_status()
print(r.status_code, r.json())             # vi du: 201 {'title': 'Hoc HTTP', 'id': 201}

resilience.py - retry + pagination

import time, requests

def get_retry(s, url, lan=3):
    loi = None
    for i in range(lan):
        try:
            r = s.get(url, timeout=10)
            if r.status_code < 500:        # 5xx -> thu lai; con lai tra ve
                return r
            loi = None                     # nhan duoc phan hoi (5xx)
        except requests.RequestException as e:
            loi = e                        # loi mang -> ghi nho de bao lai
        time.sleep(2 ** i)                 # backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s...
    if loi is not None:
        raise loi                          # mang dut ca 3 lan
    r.raise_for_status()                   # het luot voi 5xx -> nem loi HTTP

def duyet_tat_ca(s, base):                 # base = ".../todos"
    page = 1
    while True:                            # phan trang: xin tung trang
        # ten tham so tuy API; jsonplaceholder dung _page & _limit
        items = s.get(f"{base}?_page={page}&_limit=20", timeout=10).json()
        if not items:                      # trang rong -> het
            return
        yield from items                   # tra tung item ra ngoai (luoi)
        page += 1

app.py - chạy: uv run --with fastapi --with uvicorn uvicorn app:app

from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/tasks")                       # GET /tasks -> 200
def liet_ke():
    return [{"id": 1, "tieu_de": "Hoc HTTP"}]

@app.post("/tasks", status_code=201)      # POST /tasks -> 201
def tao(task: dict):
    return {"id": 2, **task}